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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 26(101): 81-84, ene.-mar. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231783

RESUMO

La bronquiolitis obliterante es una rara enfermedad respiratoria obstructiva crónica, secundaria a una agresión de las vías respiratorias inferiores que provoca inflamación y obliteración, parcial o total, de las mismas. Existen diferentes causas que la provocan, siendo la infecciosa la más frecuente en Pediatría, principalmente, por adenovirus. Se presenta el caso de un lactante varón de 18 meses de edad, con el antecedente de ingreso a los 8 meses en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos por bronquitis secundaria a virus respiratorio sincitial y adenovirus. Posteriormente a este episodio, presenta de forma persistente dificultad respiratoria y auscultación pulmonar patológica. La tomografía computarizada pulmonar de alta resolución muestra patrón en mosaico con áreas de atrapamiento aéreo y disminución del calibre vascular en las zonas afectas, hallazgos sugestivos de bronquiolitis obliterante. (AU)


Bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare chronic obstructive respiratory disease secondary to damage of the lower respiratory tract causing inflammation and partial or total obliteration of it. There are different causes, being infectious the most frequent in pediatrics, mainly due to adenovirus. We present the case of an 18-month-old male infant with a history of admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at 8 months of age due to bronchitis secondary to respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus. After this episode, he presented persistent respiratory distress and pathological pulmonary auscultation. High resolution pulmonary computed tomography showed a mosaic pattern with areas of air trapping and decreased vascular caliber in the affected areas, findings suggestive of bronchiolitis obliterans. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Bronquiolite Obliterante/diagnóstico por imagem , Bronquiolite Obliterante/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Adenoviridae
2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 26(101): 93-96, ene.-mar. 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231787

RESUMO

Conclusiones de los autores del estudio: la vacuna de proteína F prefusión contra el virus respiratorio sincitial, administrada a embarazadas en el último trimestre de embarazo, previene de infecciones respiratorias graves por dicho virus en sus lactantes, sin efectos adversos de importancia. Comentario de los revisores: la vacuna parece eficaz y segura, aunque las estimaciones de eficacia son imprecisas. Constituye una opción preventiva alternativa a la administración de nirsevimab en el recién nacido, con expectativas de impacto equiparables. (AU)


Authors´ conclusions: prefusion F protein vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus administered to pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy prevents this virus severe respiratory infections in their infants, without important adverse effects. Reviewers´ commentary: the vaccine appears effective and safe, although its efficacy estimates are imprecise. It constitutes an alternative preventive option to the administration of nirsevimab in the newborn, with comparable impact expectations. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Bronquiolite/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/prevenção & controle
3.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 100(1): 3-12, Ene. 2024. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-230769

RESUMO

Introducción: La bronquiolitis se convierte en todo un reto durante su pico estacional, desbordando los recursos materiales y humanos para poder atender los pacientes afectados. A consecuencia de ello, se multiplican exponencialmente los traslados interhospitalarios. No se han encontrado estudios que hayan analizado las características de los pacientes con bronquiolitis aguda (BA) en los servicios de urgencias extrahospitalarios (SUEH) y la influencia de la pandemia en su epidemiología. Objetivo: Conocer las características de los pacientes pediátricos y neonatales con bronquiolitis en los SUEH de la Comunidad de Madrid y analizar la influencia de la pandemia por COVID-19 en su epidemiología. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo realizado en los SUEH de la Comunidad de Madrid entre 2016 y 2023. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de BA según CIE-10 en las historias clínicas de las asistencias y traslados interhospitalarios. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de tratamiento (ventilatorio y farmacológico). Resultados: Se incluyeron 630 pacientes con BA: 343 atendidos por los SUEH no especializados en neonatología (no-neo) y 287 por el equipo de transporte neonatal (TN). La mediana de edad fue de 3,7meses [2,8-4,7] en SUEH no-neo y de 19días [14,2-23,7] en TN. Hubo un aumento de la edad estadísticamente significativo en la temporada 2020/2021 en el grupo de SUEH no-neo. La escala de gravedad fue estadísticamente mayor en el grupo de TN. Hubo un pico inusual de casos de bronquiolitis en junio de 2021, coincidiendo con el fin de la 4.ª ola de COVID-19. La incidencia de bronquiolitis, tras la 6.ª ola de pandemia, fue la mayor de todas las temporadas (13,5 casos por cada 10.000 niños ≤2años)...(AU)


Introduction: Bronchiolitis poses a considerable challenge during its seasonal peak, overwhelming the material and human resources available to care for affected patients. As a result, interhospital transfers increase exponentially. We did not find any studies analysing the characteristics of patients with bronchiolitis managed in out-of-hospital urgent care (OHUC) services and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. Objective: To establish the characteristics of paediatric and neonatal patients with acute bronchiolitis (AB) managed in OHUC services in the Community of Madrid and to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional observational and descriptive study carried out in OHUC settings in the Community of Madrid between 2016 and 2023. We included patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis based on the ICD-10 codes documented in the electronic records of urgent care visits and interhospital transports. We collected data on sociodemographic, clinical and treatment (ventilation and medication) variables. Results: The sample included 630 patients with AB: 343 managed in non-neonatal OHUC (non-neo) services and 287 by the mobile neonatal intensive care unit transport team (NTT). The median age was 3.7months (IQR: 2.8-4.7) in patients in the non-neo OHUC group and 19days (IQR: 14.2-23.7) in the NTT group. There was a statistically significant increase in age in the 2020/2021 season in the non-neo OHUC group. The severity score was significantly higher in the NTT group. There was an unusual peak in bronchiolitis cases in June 2021, coinciding with the end of the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of bronchiolitis was highest after the sixth wave of the pandemic (13.5 cases per 10,000 children aged <2years)...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Bronquiolite/diagnóstico , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , /epidemiologia , Registros Médicos , Transferência de Pacientes , Incidência , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pediatria , Espanha
4.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 100(1): 3-12, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38158269

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Bronchiolitis poses a considerable challenge during its seasonal peak, overwhelming the material and human resources available to care for affected patients. As a result, interhospital transfers increase exponentially. We did not find any studies analysing the characteristics of patients with bronchiolitis managed in out-of-hospital urgent care (OHUC) services and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. OBJECTIVE: To establish the characteristics of paediatric and neonatal patients with acute bronchiolitis (AB) managed in OHUC services in the Community of Madrid and to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional observational and descriptive study carried out in OHUC settings in the Community of Madrid between 2016 and 2023. We included patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis based on the ICD-10 codes documented in the electronic records of urgent care visits and interhospital transports. We collected data on sociodemographic, clinical and treatment (ventilation and medication) variables. RESULTS: The sample included 630 patients with AB: 343 managed in non-neonatal OHUC (non-neo) services and 287 by the mobile neonatal intensive care unit transport team (NTT). The median age was 3.7 months (IQR, 2.8-4.7) in patients in the non-neo OHUC group and 19 days (IQR, 14.2-23.7) in the NTT group. There was a statistically significant increase in age in the 2020/2021 season in the non-neo OHUC group. The severity score was significantly higher in the NTT group. There was an unusual peak in bronchiolitis cases in June 2021, coinciding with the end of the 4th wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of bronchiolitis was highest after the 6th wave of the pandemic (13.5 cases per 10 000 children aged < 2 years). CONCLUSIONS: The median age of paediatric patients with AB managed in OHUC services increased following the end of the lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was probably associated with the lack of exposure to the viruses that cause it. This also may explain why the incidence of bronchiolitis was highest in the season following the 6th wave of the pandemic. The severity score was higher in neonatal patients. Epidemiological surveillance, the introduction of protocols and the implementation of an ongoing training programme for non-specialized health care staff involved in the transport of these patients could improve their management.


Assuntos
Bronquiolite , COVID-19 , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Criança , Lactente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pandemias , Estudos Transversais , Bronquiolite/diagnóstico , Bronquiolite/epidemiologia , Bronquiolite/terapia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/terapia , Hospitais
5.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 80(6): 361-366, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38150713

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lung ultrasound is a bedside tool that allows the evaluation of pulmonary parenchymal involvement in pediatric patients through the lung ultrasound score (LUS). We aimed to evaluate a group of patients under 3 years of age with lower respiratory tract infections using LUS at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora. METHODS: We included patients younger than 3 years admitted to the emergency department with lower respiratory tract infections. A lung ultrasound was performed within the first 24 h of admission to the emergency department and evaluated using LUS. We analyzed age, sex, etiology of infection, days of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, Downes scale, failure of mechanical ventilation on admission, and mortality. Descriptive analysis was performed with frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables and medians and interquartile intervals for quantitative variables. Differences in the distribution of LUS variables were evaluated with the Fishers' exact test and Student's t-test. RESULTS: We included a total of 19 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 73.7% with bronchiolitis. Fifty percent of the cases scored 7 on the LUS, 91.7% were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and 53.8% required invasive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: The use of LUS in lower respiratory tract infections can predict the need for PICU admission, the use of invasive ventilatory support, and prolonged hospital stay.


INTRODUCCIÓN: El ultrasonido pulmonar es una herramienta a pie de cama que permite evaluar la afectación del parénquima pulmonar en pacientes pediátricos por medio de la escala de LUS (lung ultrasound score, por sus siglas en inglés). El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar a niños menores de 3 años con infección respiratoria baja mediante la escala de LUS, en el Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 3 años que ingresaron al Servicio de Urgencias con infección respiratoria baja. Se realizó ecografía pulmonar en las primeras 24 horas de ingreso a urgencias y se evaluó mediante la escala de LUS. Se analizó, edad, sexo, etiología de la infección, días de estancia, uso de terapia ventilatoria, escala de Downes, fracaso a la terapia ventilatoria de ingreso y mortalidad. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo por medio de frecuencia y porcentaje para las variables cualitativas y para las cuantitativas con mediana e intervalo intercuartil. Las diferencias en la distribución de las variables por la escala de LUS con la prueba exacta de Fisher y la t de Student. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 19 pacientes con infección pulmonar aguda, de los cuales el 73.7% presentó bronquiolitis. El 50% de los casos obtuvo 7 puntos de la escala de LUS, el 91.7% ingresó a UCIP y el 53.8% requirió ventilación mecánica asistida. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de la escala LUS en infección respiratoria baja puede predecir la necesidad de ingreso a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, así como la utilización de soporte ventilatorio invasivo y una estancia hospitalaria prolongada.


Assuntos
Pulmão , Infecções Respiratórias , Humanos , Criança , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Respiração Artificial , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Hospitalização , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência
6.
Pediátr. Panamá ; 52(3): 125-130, 18 de diciembre de 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1523416

RESUMO

Introducción: La bronquiolitis aguda (BA) es la causa principal de admisiones en cuartos de urgencias y salas pediátricas, especialmente en el lactante menor de 2 años. Se ha reportado que el 70 a 85% de los casos atendidos, el Virus Sincicial Respiratorio (VSR), es el más frecuente agente infeccioso responsable. Hasta el momento, no se ha podido producir una vacuna efectiva y segura que elimine de la lista de agentes peligrosos este virus que suele tener una distribución universal. El diagnóstico de la Bronquiolitis aguda es fundamentalmente clínico, sin embargo, en la última década la introducción de paneles de detección de un número de agentes causantes de infecciones respiratorias bajas ha sido de gran utilidad para confirmar la prevalencia del VSR, y para agregar a las listas otros agentes virales que pueden dar un cuadro similar. En esta lista está el adenovirus, el para influenza, el rinovirus y el metapneumovirus. En Panamá la estacionalidad del VSR iniciaba en la época de lluvias (mayo) y terminaba al final del año con la entrada del verano o temporada seca. Resultados: Durante el primer año de pandemia (2020) hubo una reducción significativa de los casos atendidos en los cuartos de urgencia pediátricos, así como en las hospitalizaciones. Ya en el 2021 nuevamente se incrementó el número de casos atendidos en los cuartos de urgencia y se incrementó el número de admisiones. Conclusión: Durante los años de pandemia hubo casos de bronquiolitis por VSR durante la temporada seca no ajustándose a la estacionalidad de los años prepandemia. (provisto por Infomedic International)


Introduction: Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is the main cause of admissions to emergency rooms and pediatric wards, especially in infants under 2 years of age. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) has been reported to be the most frequent infectious agent responsible for 70 to 85% of the cases seen. So far, it has not been possible to produce an effective and safe vaccine to eliminate from the list of dangerous agents this virus that usually has a universal distribution. The diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis is fundamentally clinical, however, in the last decade the introduction of screening panels for several agents causing lower respiratory infections has been very useful to confirm the prevalence of RSV, and to add to the lists other viral agents that can give a similar picture. This list includes adenovirus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus and metapneumovirus. In Panama, the seasonality of RSV began in the rainy season (May) and ended at the end of the year with the onset of the summer or dry season. Results: During the first year of the pandemic (2020) there was a significant reduction in the number of cases seen in pediatric emergency rooms, as well as in hospitalizations. In 2021 there was again an increase in the number of cases seen in emergency rooms and an increase in the number of admissions. Conclusions: During the pandemic years, there were cases of RSV bronchiolitis during the dry season, not adjusting to the seasonality of the pre-pandemic years. (provided by Infomedic International)

7.
Pediatr. (Asunción) ; 50(3)dic. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534962

RESUMO

Introducción: La bronquiolitis constituye una de las principales causas de Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas Bajas en Pediatría, y es responsable de una proporción significativa de hospitalizaciones en lactantes, fundamentalmente, en menores de 1 año. Su diagnóstico es clínico, caracterizado por síntomas y signos de amplio grado de gravedad. Objetivo: Describir las características clínico-etiológicas de casos de bronquiolitis en menores de 1 año, internados en un hospital de niños de la ciudad de Santa Fe, durante un periodo de un año. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal. Se analizaron datos demográficos, clínicos y de laboratorio de fichas médicas de vigilancia epidemiológica. Las técnicas diagnósticas usadas según el agente viral fueron RT-PCR en tiempo real, PCR-punto final e Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta. Resultados: Sobre un total de 108 casos, 90,7% tuvo de 1 a 6 meses de edad. La mediana de internación fue de 5 días, y el nacimiento prematuro fue la condición médica previa más frecuente. Un 78,7% (85) tuvo diagnóstico viral positivo, siendo Rinovirus (hRV) y Virus Sincicial Respiratorio (VSR) los agentes más prevalentes, tanto en infección única como en coinfección. El tiempo de oxigenoterapia fue mayor en los pacientes más graves (p<0,001). El 32,4% (35) recibió alguna medicación que fue, en mayor frecuencia, antibiótico. Se encontró asociación positiva y significativa entre la edad menor de 3 meses y una hospitalización mayor a 5 días (OR=2,5; IC: 1,1-5,8; p=0,02); y entre un diagnóstico VSR positivo y un cuadro grave (OR: 7,7; IC: 1,95-39,6; p<0,001). Conclusión: Las características y condiciones médicas consideradas por la literatura como factores de riesgo para el padecimiento y la gravedad de una IRAB, fueron halladas con mayor frecuencia en la población de estudio. El hRV y el VRS fueron los agentes de mayor rescate viral, encontrándose una asociación positiva entre la infección por VSR y la gravedad del cuadro.


Introduction: Bronchiolitis is one of the main causes of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in pediatrics, and is responsible for a significant proportion of hospitalizations in infants, mainly in children under 1 year of age. Its diagnosis is clinical. The disease is characterized by a wide variety and degree of signs and symptoms. Objective: To describe the clinical-etiological characteristics of cases of bronchiolitis in children under 1 year of age, admitted to a children's hospital in the city of Santa Fe, over a period of one year. Materials and Methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional study. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data from epidemiological surveillance medical records were analyzed. The diagnostic techniques used, based on the viral agent, were real-time RT-PCR, end-point PCR and Indirect Immunofluorescence. Results: Out of a total of 108 cases, 90.7% were between 1 and 6 months old. The median hospital stay was 5 days, and premature birth was the most common prior medical condition. 78.7% (85) had a positive viral diagnosis, with Rhinovirus (hRV) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) being the most prevalent agents, both in single infection and coinfection. Oxygen therapy time was longer in the most seriously ill patients (p<0.001). 32.4% (35) received some medication, which was, most frequently, antibiotics. A positive and significant association was found between age less than 3 months and hospitalization longer than 5 days (OR=2.5; CI: 1.1-5.8; p=0.02); and between a positive RSV diagnosis and a severe condition (OR: 7.7; CI: 1.95-39.6; p<0.001). Conclusions: The characteristics and medical conditions considered by the literature as risk factors for the morbidity and severity of a lower respiratory tract infection were found more frequently in the study population. hRV and RSV were the most commonly-detected viral agents. We found a positive association between RSV infection and the severity of the condition.

8.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 80(6): 361-366, Nov.-Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527964

RESUMO

Abstract Background: Lung ultrasound is a bedside tool that allows the evaluation of pulmonary parenchymal involvement in pediatric patients through the lung ultrasound score (LUS). We aimed to evaluate a group of patients under 3 years of age with lower respiratory tract infections using LUS at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora. Methods: We included patients younger than 3 years admitted to the emergency department with lower respiratory tract infections. A lung ultrasound was performed within the first 24 h of admission to the emergency department and evaluated using LUS. We analyzed age, sex, etiology of infection, days of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, Downes scale, failure of mechanical ventilation on admission, and mortality. Descriptive analysis was performed with frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables and medians and interquartile intervals for quantitative variables. Differences in the distribution of LUS variables were evaluated with the Fishers´ exact test and Student´s t-test. Results: We included a total of 19 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 73.7% with bronchiolitis. Fifty percent of the cases scored 7 on the LUS, 91.7% were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and 53.8% required invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: The use of LUS in lower respiratory tract infections can predict the need for PICU admission, the use of invasive ventilatory support, and prolonged hospital stay.


Resumen Introducción: El ultrasonido pulmonar es una herramienta a pie de cama que permite evaluar la afectación del parénquima pulmonar en pacientes pediátricos por medio de la escala de LUS (lung ultrasound score, por sus siglas en inglés). El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar a niños menores de 3 años con infección respiratoria baja mediante la escala de LUS, en el Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 3 años que ingresaron al Servicio de Urgencias con infección respiratoria baja. Se realizó ecografía pulmonar en las primeras 24 horas de ingreso a urgencias y se evaluó mediante la escala de LUS. Se analizó, edad, sexo, etiología de la infección, días de estancia, uso de terapia ventilatoria, escala de Downes, fracaso a la terapia ventilatoria de ingreso y mortalidad. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo por medio de frecuencia y porcentaje para las variables cualitativas y para las cuantitativas con mediana e intervalo intercuartil. Las diferencias en la distribución de las variables por la escala de LUS con la prueba exacta de Fisher y la t de Student. Resultados: Se identificaron 19 pacientes con infección pulmonar aguda, de los cuales el 73.7% presentó bronquiolitis. El 50% de los casos obtuvo 7 puntos de la escala de LUS, el 91.7% ingresó a UCIP y el 53.8% requirió ventilación mecánica asistida. Conclusiones: El uso de la escala LUS en infección respiratoria baja puede predecir la necesidad de ingreso a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, así como la utilización de soporte ventilatorio invasivo y una estancia hospitalaria prolongada.

9.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 80(5): 312-319, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37963296

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare lung disease; there are limited reports in South America. CASE REPORT: We report 10 patients with this disease diagnosed at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima-Peru). The median age at diagnosis was 19 months and all patients had a history of severe acute respiratory infection. The most frequent symptoms were cough, respiratory distress, wheezing, and hypoxemia. The mosaic attenuation pattern was the most frequent on the tomography. All the patients had positive serology for adenovirus. The treatment received was methylprednisolone pulses, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, and inhaled corticosteroids. No patient died during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In previously healthy children with a history of severe acute respiratory infection and persistent bronchial obstructive symptoms, the diagnosis of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans should be considered. This is the first report in Peru with a therapeutic regimen adapted to our institution.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La bronquiolitis obliterante postinfecciosa es una enfermedad pulmonar poco frecuente; existen limitados reportes en Sudamérica. CASO CLÍNICO: En esta serie se reportan 10 pacientes con esta enfermedad diagnosticados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima-Perú). La mediana de edad al diagnóstico fue de 19 meses. Todos los pacientes presentaron el antecedente de infección respiratoria aguda grave. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron tos, dificultad respiratoria, sibilancias e hipoxemia; el patrón de atenuación en mosaico fue la característica más frecuente en la tomografía. Todos tenían serología positiva para adenovirus. Se administró tratamiento con pulsos de metilprednisolona, azitromicina, hidroxicloroquina y corticoides inhalados. Ningún paciente falleció durante el seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES: En los niños previamente sanos con antecedente de infección respiratoria aguda grave y sintomatología obstructivo bronquial persistente se debe considerar el diagnóstico de bronquiolitis obliterante postinfecciosa. Este es el primer reporte en Perú con un régimen terapéutico adaptado a nuestra institución.


Assuntos
Bronquiolite Obliterante , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Criança , Peru , Bronquiolite Obliterante/diagnóstico , Bronquiolite Obliterante/tratamento farmacológico , Bronquiolite Obliterante/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
10.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 97: e202310089, Oct. 2023. tab, graf, mapas
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228326

RESUMO

Fundamentos: La bronquiolitis es la primera causa de hospitalización en menores de un año, presentándose en forma de epidemias anuales. Desde el inicio de la pandemia por la enfermedad causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) se ha producido un cambio en la transmisión de otros virus respiratorios. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo fue describir cómo había afectado la pandemia de la COVID-19 a la distribución de la bronquiolitis aguda en nuestro país. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los casos de bronquiolitis atendidos en una muestra de hospitales españoles que pertenecían a cuatro comunidades autónomas. Empleado el test chi-cuadrado y la pruebat de Student comparamos variables epidemiológicas y demográficas de los casos de bronquiolitis atendidos durante enero de 2021 y junio 2021, con los tres años anteriores (2018-2020). Resultados: Analizamos 6.124 casos de bronquiolitis (58,8% varones y 41,2% mujeres). La media de edad fue de 0,5 años (DE: 0,4). En 2020 observamos un descenso de casos de bronquiolitis con respecto a 2019 del 67%. Durante 2020 y 2021 la temporada epidémica empezó en enero-febrero y alcanzó su pico máximo en junio. Durante el primer semestre de 2021, el porcentaje más elevado de ingresos por bronquiolitis asociados a infección VRS fue observado en hospitales del centro de España correspondientes a la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (78,5% de los ingresos). Conclusiones: La pandemia por la COVID-19 modifica de manera significativa la estacionalidad de la bronquiolitis. En nuestro país, el flujo y distribución de la enfermedad no es uniforme, comenzado por el centro peninsular y, por último, la zona litoral.(AU)


Background: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in children under one year of age, with annual epidemics. Sincethe onset of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), there has been a change in the transmission of other respiratory viruses. Our aim in this paper was to describe how COVID-19 had affected the distribution of acute bronchiolitis in our country. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of the cases of bronchiolitis treated in a sample of Spanish hospitals belonging to four autonomous communities. A chi-square test and Student’s t- test were used to compare epidemiological and demographicvariables between patients attending the hospital with bronchiolitis during January 2021-June 2021 with patients attending the hospital in the previous three years (2018-2020). Results: We analyzed 6,124 cases of bronchiolitis (58.8% males and 41.2% females). The mean age was 0.5 years (SD: 0.4). In 2020, weobserved a decrease of bronchiolitis cases compared to 2019 of 67%. During 2020 and 2021, the epidemic season started in January-February and peaked in June. During the first half of 2021, the highest percentage of admissions for bronchiolitis associated with RSVinfection was observed in hospitals in central Spain corresponding to the Autonomous Community of Madrid (78.5% of admissions).Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly modifies the seasonality of bronchiolitis. In our country, the flow and distri-bution of the disease are not uniform. It starts in the center of Spain and ends on the coast.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Bronquiolite/epidemiologia , /epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/complicações , Hospitalização , Saúde da Criança , /complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Saúde Pública , Espanha/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia
11.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 99(4): 257-263, oct. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-225974

RESUMO

Introducción: Recientemente se ha aprobado en Europa y en España el uso de nirsevimab, un anticuerpo monoclonal (AcM) para la prevención de la enfermedad por virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS). Objetivos: Facilitar unas recomendaciones para la administración de nirsevimab para la prevención de la enfermedad por VRS. Métodos: Para la elaboración de estas recomendaciones, se decidió realizar una revisión crítica de la literatura, utilizando la metodología Delphi y la metodología GRADE. Se definió un grupo de expertos. Se realizaron tres rondas para definir las preguntas, manifestarse a favor o en contra, graduar la recomendación, y definir el acuerdo o el desacuerdo con las conclusiones. Resultados: En la población general de recién nacidos, se recomienda administrar rutinariamente nirsevimab para reducir la enfermedad y la hospitalización por bronquiolitis y enfermedad de vías bajas por VRS. Se recomienda administrar nirsevimab a todos los lactantes que nazcan en la estación de alta incidencia de VRS y aquellos que cuando esta comience, tengan menos de seis meses de edad. En los pacientes prematuros de 29 a 35 semanas de edad gestacional, en los lactantes con cardiopatía hemodinámicamente significativa y lactantes con enfermedad pulmonar crónica se recomienda rutinariamente administrar nirsevimab para reducir la enfermedad y la hospitalización por bronquiolitis y enfermedad de vías bajas por VRS. En los pacientes con indicación actual de palivizumab, se recomienda sustituir palivizumab por nirsevimab para reducir la carga de enfermedad de bronquiolitis. Conclusiones: Se recomienda administrar rutinariamente nirsevimab a todos los recién nacidos menores de seis meses nacidos en la estación de VRS o que tengan menos de seis meses cuando entran en la estación invernal, para reducir la carga de enfermedad y la hospitalización por bronquiolitis. (AU)


Introduction: Nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody for the prevention of disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), has recently been approved for use in Europe and Spain. Objectives: To provide recommendations for the administration of nirsevimab for prevention of RSV disease. Methods: The approach chosen to develop these recommendations involved a critical review of the literature and the use of the Delphi and GRADE methods. An expert group was formed. The group engaged in three rounds to define the questions, express support or opposition, grade recommendations and establish the agreement or disagreement with the conclusions. Results: In the general neonatal population, routine administration of nirsevimab is recommended to reduce the frequency of illness and hospitalisation for bronchiolitis and RSV lower respiratory tract infection. Nirsevimab is recommended for all infants born in high-incidence RSV season and infants aged less than 6 months at the season onset. In infants born preterm between 29 and 35 weeks of gestation, with haemodynamically significant heart disease or with chronic lung disease, routine administration of nirsevimab is recommended to reduce the incidence of disease and hospitalisation due to bronchiolitis and RSV lower respiratory tract infection. In patients in whom palivizumab is currently indicated, its substitution by nirsevimab is recommended to reduce the burden of bronchiolitis. Conclusions: Routine administration of nirsevimab to all infants aged less than 6 months born during the RSV season or aged less than 6 months at the start of the winter season is recommended to reduce the burden of disease and the frequency of hospitalization due to bronchiolitis. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/prevenção & controle , Bronquiolite
12.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 25(99)3 oct. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-226249

RESUMO

La bronquiolitis sigue siendo un problema de salud de primer orden en nuestro país, pues genera anualmente miles de consultas en Atención Primaria, colapso en las plantas de hospitalización y cuidados intensivos pediátricas y costes millonarios al Sistema Nacional de Salud. Su interés es máximo, además, porque la mayoría de los que requerirán ingreso hospitalario serán lactantes sanos, sin ningún tipo de factor de riesgo conocido. La altísima incidencia de la enfermedad y la ausencia de un tratamiento específico hace que los pediatras asistamos impasibles a esta epidemia anual, sin poder ofrecer una opción ni preventiva ni terapéutica a nuestros pacientes. En noviembre de 2022, la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos autorizó la comercialización de un anticuerpo monoclonal específico contra la proteína F del virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS), tras los resultados de los ensayos iniciales realizados en más de 3000 lactantes en los que se demostró una eficacia en la prevención de hospitalizaciones por VRS superior al 75%. En mayo de 2023 se comunicaron los resultados preliminares del estudio HARMONIE, llevado a cabo en más de 8000 individuos, representando la primera experiencia en vida real con el uso de nirsevimab y obteniéndose una eficacia superior al 80% en la prevención de hospitalización por bronquiolitis. En este texto se exponen los argumentos del Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría que sustentan la recomendación que hizo este organismo para su uso sistemático en recién nacidos y lactantes menores de 6 meses en España (AU)


Bronchiolitis continues to be a major health problem in Spain, as it generates thousands of consultations in primary care every year, a backlog in paediatric hospitalisation and intensive care wards, and millions in costs to the National Health System. Most of those who require hospital admission are healthy infants, without any known risk factor. The very high incidence of the disease and the absence of a specific treatment means that paediatricians are impassive in the face of this annual epidemic, unable to offer our patients either a preventive or therapeutic option. In November 2022, the European Medicines Agency granted marketing authorisation for a monoclonal antibody specific against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein, following results from initial trials in more than 3,000 infants that demonstrated greater than 75% efficacy in preventing RSV hospitalisations. Preliminary results from the HARMONIE study, conducted in over 8000 individuals, were reported in May 2023, representing the first real-life experience with the use of nirsevimab and showing greater than 80% efficacy in preventing hospitalisations for bronchiolitis. This text presents the arguments of the Vaccine Advisory Committee of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics to support the recommendation made by this group for its routine use in newborns and infants under 6 months of age in Spain(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/tratamento farmacológico , Bronquiolite Viral/prevenção & controle , Comitê de Profissionais , Espanha
13.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 80(5): 312-319, Sep.-Oct. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527956

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: La bronquiolitis obliterante postinfecciosa es una enfermedad pulmonar poco frecuente; existen limitados reportes en Sudamérica. Caso clínico: En esta serie se reportan 10 pacientes con esta enfermedad diagnosticados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima-Perú). La mediana de edad al diagnóstico fue de 19 meses. Todos los pacientes presentaron el antecedente de infección respiratoria aguda grave. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron tos, dificultad respiratoria, sibilancias e hipoxemia; el patrón de atenuación en mosaico fue la característica más frecuente en la tomografía. Todos tenían serología positiva para adenovirus. Se administró tratamiento con pulsos de metilprednisolona, azitromicina, hidroxicloroquina y corticoides inhalados. Ningún paciente falleció durante el seguimiento. Conclusiones: En los niños previamente sanos con antecedente de infección respiratoria aguda grave y sintomatología obstructivo bronquial persistente se debe considerar el diagnóstico de bronquiolitis obliterante postinfecciosa. Este es el primer reporte en Perú con un régimen terapéutico adaptado a nuestra institución.


Abstract Background: Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare lung disease; there are limited reports in South America. Case report: We report 10 patients with this disease diagnosed at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima-Peru). The median age at diagnosis was 19 months and all patients had a history of severe acute respiratory infection. The most frequent symptoms were cough, respiratory distress, wheezing, and hypoxemia. The mosaic attenuation pattern was the most frequent on the tomography. All the patients had positive serology for adenovirus. The treatment received was methylprednisolone pulses, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, and inhaled corticosteroids. No patient died during the follow-up. Conclusions: In previously healthy children with a history of severe acute respiratory infection and persistent bronchial obstructive symptoms, the diagnosis of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans should be considered. This is the first report in Peru with a therapeutic regimen adapted to our institution.

14.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 99(4): 257-263, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37743207

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody for the prevention of disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), has recently been approved for use in Europe and Spain. OBJECTIVES: To provide recommendations for the administration of nirsevimab for prevention of RSV disease. METHODS: The approach chosen to develop these recommendations involved a critical review of the literature and the use of the Delphi and GRADE methods. An expert group was formed. The group engaged in three rounds to define the questions, express support or opposition, grade recommendations and establish the agreement or disagreement with the conclusions. RESULTS: In the general neonatal population, routine administration of nirsevimab is recommended to reduce the frequency of illness and hospitalisation for bronchiolitis and RSV lower respiratory tract infection. Nirsevimab is recommended for all infants born in high-incidence RSV season and infants aged less than 6 months at the season onset. In infants born preterm between 29 and 35 weeks of gestation, with haemodynamically significant heart disease or with chronic lung disease, routine administration of nirsevimab is recommended to reduce the incidence of disease and hospitalisation due to bronchiolitis and RSV lower respiratory tract infection. In patients in whom palivizumab is currently indicated, its substitution by nirsevimab is recommended to reduce the burden of bronchiolitis. CONCLUSIONS: Routine administration of nirsevimab to all infants aged less than 6 months born during the RSV season or aged less than 6 months at the start of the winter season is recommended to reduce the burden of disease and the frequency of hospitalization due to bronchiolitis.


Assuntos
Bronquiolite , Doenças Transmissíveis , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano , Infecções Respiratórias , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Humanos , Criança , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Bronquiolite/tratamento farmacológico , Bronquiolite/prevenção & controle
15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37468350

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of severe bronchiolitis, especially in infants. The aim of this study is to assess whether codetection of RSV and other respiratory viruses could affect the severity of this infection comparing with unique RSV detection. METHODS: A prospective study from 2016 to 2019 including children under 2 years who were admitted in the Emergency Service of the Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida (Spain) was performed. Nasopharyngeal samples from all patients were sent to the laboratory for RSV real-time PCR detection (GeneXpert®). A multiplex PCR that detects other respiratory viruses was done in all RSV-positive samples. Patients'medical records were checked to collect clinical data (hospital length of stay, BROSJOD score, ICU admission, need for ventilatory support or transfer to a reference hospital). Patients were divided in two groups: infants with unique RSV detection and infants with viral codetection. Bivariant analyses were performed to analyze the data obtained. RESULTS: During the period of study 437 RSV bronchiolitis were diagnosed. In 199 of them (177/437; 45,5%) another respiratory virus was detected concomitantly. Bivariant analyses do not show statistically significant differences between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Viral codetection in infants with RSV bronchiolitis is frequent. However, it does not seems to affect the severity of this infection.

16.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(6): 348-351, Jun-Jul. 2023. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-221430

RESUMO

Introducción: La pandemia COVID-19ha modificado la propagación de ciertos virus respiratorios causantes de bronquiolitis aguda. Analizamos la epidemiología de los ingresos por bronquiolitis durante la pandemia COVID-19 en comparación con ocho temporadas epidémicas anteriores. Métodos: Estudio observacional ambispectivo, que incluyó lactantes con bronquiolitis ingresados en un hospital terciario durante dos períodos: pandemia COVID-19 (15 de marzo de 2020 a 31 de agosto de 2021) y pre-pandemia (1 de septiembre de 2012 a 14 de marzo de 2020). Se recogieron características demográficas, clínicas y etiología. Resultados: Ingresaron 510 pacientes por bronquiolitis: 486 en el período pre-pandemia con una media de 61 ingresos por temporada vs. 24 durante la pandemia, observándose una reducción de ingresos del 60,7%. Durante la pandemia, el brote epidémico se inició con retraso abarcando la primavera-verano de 2021. El virus respiratorio sincitial fue el agente etiológico más frecuente en ambos períodos. Conclusiones: Observamos un cambio estacional de la bronquiolitis durante la pandemia COVID-19, probablemente influenciado por las medidas de control frente a SARS-CoV-2.(AU)


Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the circulation of some viruses associated with acute bronchiolitis. We analyzed the epidemiology of bronchiolitis admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with 8 previous epidemic seasons. Methods: An observational and ambispective study was performed, including infants admitted with bronchiolitis in a tertiary hospital during 2 periods: COVID-19 pandemic (15th March 2020 to 3rd August 2021) and pre-pandemic (1st September 2012 to 14th March 2020). Demographic, clinical data and etiologies were collected. Results: Five hundred ten patients were hospitalized with bronchiolitis: 486 in the pre-pandemic period with an average of 61 admissions per season vs. 24 during the pandemic, observing a 60.7% reduction in bronchiolitis admissions. During the pandemic, bronchiolitis outbreak was delayed until spring–summer 2021. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most frequent etiological agent in both periods. Conclusion: We observed a change in the seasonality of bronchiolitis during the pandemic COVID-19, possibly influenced by control measures against SARS-CoV-2..(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Bronquiolite/complicações , Bronquiolite/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial , Doenças Respiratórias , Doenças Transmissíveis , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas
17.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 46(1): [e1032], Ene-Abr. 2023. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-221258

RESUMO

Fundamento: La bronquiolitis aguda es la causa más común de hospitalización en el primer año de vida. La prevención primaria y el cuidado de soporte son fundamentales. El objetivo de este estudio es crear un cuestionario para progenitores sobre la prevención y abordaje domiciliario de la bronquiolitis aguda, y estudiar sus propiedades psicométricas. Material y métodos: El diseño del cuestionario se basó en una búsqueda de la bibliografía sobre las estrategias de prevención y factores de riesgo de la bronquiolitis. Un comité de expertos evaluó su contenido mediante el índice de validez de contenido (IVC), y la consistencia interna (fiabilidad) se evaluó mediante alfa de Cronbach (α). Resultados: Se obtuvo un cuestionario de 26 ítems dividido en cuatro dimensiones (Factores de riesgo, Signos y síntomas, Prevención, Cuidados y soporte farmacológico) cuya puntuación normalizada oscila entre -50 y +50; se consideró existencia de buenos conocimientos, actitudes y hábitos si >0. El comité de expertos valoró todos los ítems con IVC >0,80, siendo el IVC global 0,90. La consistencia interna global fue α=0,77, con diferencias entre las puntuaciones individuales de las diferentes dimensiones del cuestionario. Conclusiones: El Cuestionario de conocimientos, aptitudes y prácticas para padres sobre prevención y abordaje domiciliario de la bronquiolitis aguda obtuvo una validez de contenido excelente tras la puntuación del comité de expertos, así como una consistencia interna aceptable. Puede ser una herramienta útil para reforzar aquellas medidas que los progenitores desconocen o no aplican.(AU)


Background: Acute bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in the first year of life. Primary prevention and supportive care are key. Here, we aimed to design and assess the psychometric properties of a parent-focused questionnaire on prevention and management of acute bronchiolitis at home in children under two years of age. Methodology: For the design of the questionnaire, we conducted a literature search on prevention strategies and risk factors for bronchiolitis. An expert committee evaluated the content of the new questionnaire using the Content Validity Index and estimated the internal consistency reliability with Cronbach’s alpha. Results: A 26-item questionnaire divided into four dimensions (Risk factors, Signs and symptoms, Prevention, Care and pharmacological support) was created. The normalized score fell in the range between -50 and +50; a positive score was interpreted as presence of good knowledge, attitudes, and habits. Each of the 26 items obtained a Content Validity Index score > 0.80 and the global score was 0.90. The global internal consistency was α = 0.77, with differences between individual scores of the different dimensions of the questionnaire.Conclusion: The Parental knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire on prevention and management of acute bronchiolitis at home obtained an excellent Content Validity Index score by the expert committee and an acceptable internal consistency. Our questionnaire may reinforce the weak knowledge areas regarding the measures to apply.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Pais/educação , Bronquiolite/prevenção & controle , Prevenção de Doenças , Hospitalização , Poder Familiar , Sistemas de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco
18.
Emergencias ; 35(1): 31-38, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36756914

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of a quality-of-care improvement program implemented in emergency departments (EDs) in a Spanish autonomous community with the aim of reducing the use of unrecommended drugs when treating infants for acute bronchiolitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Before-after quasi-experimental intervention study. We retrospectively included infants aged 12 months or less who were treated for acute bronchiolitis in 24 Spanish national health system hospital EDs in December during 2 epidemic periods: in 2018, before implementing the program, and in 2019, after implementation. Data collected included epidemiologic information, clinical and care details, and clinical course. The program consisted of providing informative material and training sessions before the epidemic period started. RESULTS: A total of 7717 episodes (4007 in 2018 and 2710 in 2019) were identified. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics did not differ between the 2 periods. ED use of the following treatments decreased between the 2 periods: salbutamol, from 29.4% (95% CI, 28.8%-30.8%) in 2018 to 10.6% (95% CI, 9.6%-11.6%) in 2019; epinephrine from 6.0% (95% CI, 5.3%-6.8%) to 0.9% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.3%); and hypertonic saline solution fell from 8.2% (95% CI, 7.3%-9.1%) to 2.1% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.6%) (P.001, all comparisons). Prescriptions for salbutamol on discharge fell from 38.7% (95% CI, 36.9%-40.4%) to 10.6% (95% CI, 9.6%-11.6%) (P.001). Admissions and readmissions did not change, and the median time (interquartile range) spent in the ED fell from 81 (44-138) minutes to 66 (37-127) minutes (P.001). CONCLUSION: The quality-of-care improvement initiative was able to decrease the number of unrecommended therapeutic interventions for acute bronchiolitis. However, we identified great variations between EDs, suggesting that training and assessment of impact should continue.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de una iniciativa de mejora realizada en los servicios de urgencias (SU) de una comunidad autónoma para reducir el uso de fármacos no recomendados en lactantes con bronquiolitis aguda (BA). METODO: Estudio cuasi-experimental analítico del tipo "antes y después de una intervención". Se incluyeron de forma retrospectiva todas las BA en niños # 12 meses atendidas en los SU de 24 hospitales públicos durante el mes de diciembre de dos periodos epidémicos: 2018 (preintervención) y 2019 (postintervención). Se recogieron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas, asistenciales y evolutivas. La intervención consistió en difundir material informativo y realizar actividades formativas previas al periodo epidémico. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 7.717 episodios (2018: 4.007 y 2019: 3.710). No existieron diferencias en las características epidemiológicas y clínicas. El empleo de salbutamol en los SU descendió del 29,4% [intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC 95%): 28,8-30,8] en 2018 al 10,6% (IC 95%: 9,6-11,6) en 2019 (p 0,001), el de adrenalina del 6,0% (IC 95%: 5,3-6,8) al 0,9% (IC 95%: 0,7-1,3) y el de suero salino hipertónico del 8,2% (IC 95%: 7,3-9,1) al 2,1% (IC 95%: 1,7-2,6) (p 0,001). La prescripción al alta de salbutamol se redujo del 38,7% (IC 95%: 36,9-40,4) al 10,6% (IC 95%: 9,6-11,6) (p 0,001). La tasa de ingreso y la tasa de readmisión no cambiaron y la mediana de tiempo de estancia en los SU se redujo 81 minutos [rango intercuartil (RIC) 44-138] a 66 (RIQ: 37-127) (p 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: La iniciativa de mejora ha conseguido disminuir la tasa de intervenciones terapéuticas no indicadas en BA. Sin embargo, existe una gran variabilidad entre los diferentes SU por lo que la estrategia y la medición de su impacto deben mantenerse en el tiempo.


Assuntos
Bronquiolite , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doença Aguda , Bronquiolite/tratamento farmacológico , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Albuterol/uso terapêutico
19.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 35(1): 31-38, feb. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-213767

RESUMO

Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de una iniciativa de mejora realizada en los servicios de urgencias (SU) de una comunidad autónoma para reducir el uso de fármacos no recomendados en lactantes con bronquiolitis aguda (BA).Método. Estudio cuasi-experimental analítico del tipo “antes y después de una intervención”. Se incluyeron de forma retrospectiva todas las BA en niños # 12 meses atendidas en los SU de 24 hospitales públicos durante el mes de diciembre de dos periodos epidémicos: 2018 (preintervención) y 2019 (postintervención). Se recogieron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas, asistenciales y evolutivas. La intervención consistió en difundir material informativo y realizar actividades formativas previas al periodo epidémico.Resultados. Se incluyeron 7.717 episodios (2018: 4.007 y 2019: 3.710). No existieron diferencias en las características epidemiológicas y clínicas. El empleo de salbutamol en los SU descendió del 29,4% [intervalo de confianza de 95% (IC 95%): 28,8-30,8] en 2018 al 10,6% (IC 95%: 9,6-11,6) en 2019 (p < 0,001), el de adrenalina del 6,0% (IC 95%: 5,3-6,8) al 0,9% (IC 95%: 0,7-1,3) y el de suero salino hipertónico del 8,2% (IC 95%: 7,3-9,1) al 2,1% (IC 95%: 1,7-2,6) (p < 0,001). La prescripción al alta de salbutamol se redujo del 38,7% (IC 95%: 36,9-40,4) al 10,6% (IC 95%: 9,6-11,6) (p < 0,001). La tasa de ingreso y la tasa de readmisión no cambiaron y la mediana de tiempo de estancia en los SU se redujo 81 minutos [rango intercuartil (RIC) 44-138] a 66 (RIQ: 37-127) (p < 0,001).Conclusiones. La iniciativa de mejora ha conseguido disminuir la tasa de intervenciones terapéuticas no indicadas en BA. Sin embargo, existe una gran variabilidad entre los diferentes SU por lo que la estrategia y la medición de su impacto deben mantenerse en el tiempo. (AU)


Objective. To evaluate the impact of a quality-of-care improvement program implemented in emergency departments (EDs) in a Spanish autonomous community with the aim of reducing the use of unrecommended drugs when treating infants for acute bronchiolitis. Methods. Before-after quasi-experimental intervention study. We retrospectively included infants aged 12 months or less who were treated for acute bronchiolitis in 24 Spanish national health system hospital EDs in December during 2 epidemic periods: in 2018, before implementing the program, and in 2019, after implementation. Data collected included epidemiologic information, clinical and care details, and clinical course. The program consisted of providing informative material and training sessions before the epidemic period started. Results. A total of 7717 episodes (4007 in 2018 and 2710 in 2019) were identified. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics did not differ between the 2 periods. ED use of the following treatments decreased between the 2 periods: salbutamol, from 29.4% (95% CI, 28.8%-30.8%) in 2018 to 10.6% (95% CI, 9.6%-11.6%) in 2019; epinephrine from 6.0% (95% CI, 5.3%-6.8%) to 0.9% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.3%); and hypertonic saline solution fell from 8.2% (95% CI, 7.3%-9.1%) to 2.1% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.6%) (P<.001, all comparisons). Prescriptions for salbutamol on discharge fell from 38.7% (95% CI, 36.9%-40.4%) to 10.6% (95% CI, 9.6%-11.6%) (P<.001). Admissions and readmissions did not change, and the median time (interquartile range) spent in the ED fell from 81 (44-138) minutes to 66 (37-127) minutes (P<.001). Conclusions. The quality-of-care improvement initiative was able to decrease the number of unrecommended therapeutic interventions for acute bronchiolitis. However, we identified great variations between EDs, suggesting that training and assessment of impact should continue. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Bronquiolite/tratamento farmacológico , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Melhoria de Qualidade , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados não Aleatórios como Assunto , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36175287

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the circulation of some viruses associated with acute bronchiolitis. We analyzed the epidemiology of bronchiolitis admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with 8 previous epidemic seasons. METHODS: An observational and ambispective study was performed, including infants admitted with bronchiolitis in a tertiary hospital during 2 periods: COVID-19 pandemic (15th March 2020 to 3rd August 2021) and pre-pandemic (1st September 2012 to 14th March 2020). Demographic, clinical data and etiologies were collected. RESULTS: Five hundred ten patients were hospitalized with bronchiolitis: 486 in the pre pandemic period with an average of 61 admissions per season vs 24 during the pandemic, observing a 60.7% reduction in bronchiolitis admissions. During the pandemic, bronchiolitis outbreak was delayed until spring-summer 2021. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most frequent etiological agent in both periods. CONCLUSION: We observed a change in the seasonality of bronchiolitis during the pandemic COVID-19, possibly influenced by control measures against SARS-CoV-2.


Assuntos
Bronquiolite , COVID-19 , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano , Lactente , Humanos , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , SARS-CoV-2 , Bronquiolite/epidemiologia , Bronquiolite/complicações
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